K. Smith-whitley, Alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease, " in Pediatric Transfusion Therapy, pp.249-282, 2002.

S. Charache, E. R. Bleecker, and D. S. Bross, Effects of blood transfusion on exercise capacity in patients with sickle-cell anemia, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.74, issue.5, pp.757-764, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9343(83)91063-X

W. F. Rosse, D. Gallagher, and T. R. Kinney, Transfusion and alloimmunization in sickle cell disease, Blood, vol.76, issue.7, pp.1431-1437, 1990.

R. A. Seeler, Intensive transfusion therapy for priapism in boys with sickle cell anemia, Journal of Urology, vol.110, issue.3, pp.360-361, 1973.

J. M. Lusher, H. Haghighat, and A. S. Khalifa, A prophylactic transfusion program for children with sickle cell anemia complicated by CNS infarction, American Journal of Hematology, vol.241, issue.2, pp.265-273, 1976.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4684-3222-0_25

P. F. Milner, Chronic transfusion regimens in sickle cell disease, Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, vol.98, pp.97-107, 1982.

S. Piomelli, Chronic transfusions in patients with sickle cell disease. Indications and problems, American Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, vol.7, issue.1, pp.51-55, 1985.

L. D. Petz, L. Calhoun, I. A. Shulman, C. Johnson, and R. M. Herron, The sickle cell hemolytic transfusion reaction syndrome, Transfusion, vol.37, issue.4, pp.382-392, 1997.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1997.37497265338.x

S. K. Ballas, S. Lieff, and L. J. Benjamin, Definitions of the phenotypic manifestations of sickle cell disease, American Journal of Hematology, vol.107, issue.1, pp.6-13, 2010.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.187.1.8451435

K. Yazdanbakhsh, R. E. Ware, and F. Noizat-pirenne, Red blood cell alloimmunization in sickle cell disease: pathophysiology, risk factors, and transfusion management, Blood, vol.120, issue.3, pp.528-537, 2012.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2011-11-327361

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00696264

M. E. Mcpherson, A. R. Anderson, and M. I. Castillejo, HLA alloimmunization is associated with RBC antibodies in multiply transfused patients with sickle cell disease, Pediatric Blood & Cancer, vol.28, issue.4, pp.552-558, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/pbc.22327

A. R. Orlina, P. J. Unger, and M. Koshy, Post-transfusion alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease, American Journal of Hematology, vol.31, issue.2, pp.101-106, 1978.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.1963.03620270012003

N. L. Luban, Variability in rates of alloimmunization in different groups of children with sickle cell disease: effect of ethnic background, American Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, vol.11, issue.3, pp.314-319, 1989.

E. P. Vichinsky, A. Earles, R. A. Johnson, M. S. Hoag, A. Williams et al., Alloimmunization in Sickle Cell Anemia and Transfusion of Racially Unmatched Blood, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.322, issue.23, pp.1617-1621, 1990.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199006073222301

B. Aygun, S. Padmanabhan, C. Paley, and V. Chandrasekaran, Clinical significance of RBC alloantibodies and autoantibodies in sickle cell patients who received transfusions, Transfusion, vol.43, issue.1, pp.37-43, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01127.x

N. M. Heddle, R. L. Soutar, and P. L. O-'hoski, A prospective study to determine the frequency and clinical significance of alloimmunization post-transfusion, British Journal of Haematology, vol.74, issue.4, pp.1000-1005, 1995.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32993110751.x

P. M. Ness, R. S. Shirey, S. K. Thoman, and S. A. Buck, The differentiation of delayed serologic and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions: incidence, long-term serologic findings, and clinical significance, Transfusion, vol.30, issue.8, pp.688-693, 1990.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1990.30891020325.x

P. H. Pinkerton, A. S. Coovadia, and J. Goldstein, Frequency of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions following antibody screening and immediate-spin crossmatching, Transfusion, vol.32, issue.9, pp.814-817, 1992.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1992.32993110751.x

E. C. Vamvakas, A. A. Pineda, R. Reisner, P. J. Santrach, and S. B. Moore, The differentiation of delayed hemolytic and delayed serologic transfusion reactions: incidence and predictors of hemolysis, Transfusion, vol.35, issue.1, pp.26-32, 1995.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1995.35195090655.x

J. R. Storry, Human Blood Groups, Journal of Infusion Nursing, vol.26, issue.6, pp.367-372, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/00129804-200311000-00006

L. A. Bashawri, Red cell alloimmunization in sickle-cell anaemia patients, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, vol.13, issue.5, pp.1181-1189, 2007.

R. Aly, M. R. El-sharnoby, and A. A. Hagag, Frequency of red cell alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell anemia in an Egyptian referral hospital, Transfusion and Apheresis Science, vol.47, issue.3, pp.253-257, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.transci.2012.07.014

I. B. Amor, N. Louati, and H. Khemekhem, Immunisation anti-??rythrocytaire dans les h??moglobinopathies??: ?? propos de 84??cas, Transfusion Clinique et Biologique, vol.19, issue.6, pp.345-352, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tracli.2012.06.006

B. Natukunda, H. Schonewille, C. Ndugwa, and A. Brand, Red blood cell alloimmunization in sickle cell disease patients in Uganda, Transfusion, vol.48, issue.1, pp.20-25, 2010.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-93-2-231

A. Olujohungbe, I. Hambleton, L. Stephens, B. Serjeant, and G. Serjeant, Red cell antibodies in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease: a comparison of patients in Jamaica and the United Kingdom, British Journal of Haematology, vol.81, issue.3, pp.661-665, 2001.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199507273330402

D. P. Kwiatkowski, How Malaria Has Affected the Human Genome and What Human Genetics Can Teach Us about Malaria, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.77, issue.2, pp.171-192, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/432519

URL : http://doi.org/10.1086/432519

A. C. Allison, Protection Afforded by Sickle-cell Trait Against Subtertian Malarial Infection, BMJ, vol.1, issue.4857, pp.290-294, 1954.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.1.4857.290

URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2093356/pdf

Z. Tatari-calderone, C. P. Minniti, and T. , rs660 polymorphism in Ro52 (SSA1; TRIM 21) is a marker for age-dependent tolerance induction and efficiency of alloimmunization in sickle cell disease???, Molecular Immunology, vol.47, issue.1, pp.64-70, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.12.027

C. A. Von-muhlen and E. M. Tan, Autoantibodies in the diagnosis of systemicrheumatic diseases, Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol.24, issue.5, pp.323-358, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0049-0172(95)80004-2

E. Vigorito, S. Bell, and B. J. Hebeis, Immunological Function in Mice Lacking the Rac-Related GTPase RhoG, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.24, issue.2, pp.719-729, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.24.2.719-729.2004

K. Kawashima and T. Fujii, The lymphocytic cholinergic system and its biological function, Life Sciences, vol.72, issue.18-19, pp.18-19, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00068-7

M. Sanyal, R. Fernandez, and S. Levy, Enhanced B cell activation in the absence of CD81, International Immunology, vol.21, issue.11, pp.1225-1237, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/intimm/dxp090

A. Cherukuri, R. H. Carter, and S. Brooks, B Cell Signaling Is Regulated by Induced Palmitoylation of CD81, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.129, issue.30, pp.31973-31982, 2004.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M104275200

J. M. Tarrant, J. Groom, and D. Metcalf, The Absence of Tssc6, a Member of the Tetraspanin Superfamily, Does Not Affect Lymphoid Development but Enhances In Vitro T-Cell Proliferative Responses, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.22, issue.14, pp.5006-5018, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.22.14.5006-5018.2002

J. Jongstra-bilen, A. Wielowieyski, V. Misener, and J. Jongstra, LSP1 regulates anti-IgM induced apoptosis in WEHI-231 cells and normal immature B-cells, Molecular Immunology, vol.36, issue.6, pp.349-359, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0161-5890(99)00055-3

M. Yamakami and H. Yokosawa, Tom1 (Target of Myb 1) Is a Novel Negative Regulator of Interleukin-1- and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Induced Signaling Pathways, Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol.27, issue.4, pp.564-566, 2004.
DOI : 10.1248/bpb.27.564

V. Karamatic-crew, J. Poole, and S. Long, mutation and evidence for clinical significance of anti-MER2, Transfusion, vol.21, issue.9, pp.1912-1916, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01792.x

L. Zhang and J. S. Pagano, Review: Structure and Function of IRF-7, Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, vol.22, issue.1, pp.95-101, 2002.
DOI : 10.1089/107999002753452700

D. Wald, J. Qin, and Z. Zhao, SIGIRR, a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor?interleukin 1 receptor signaling, Nature Immunology, vol.4, issue.9, pp.920-927, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/ni968

M. Lasalle-williams, R. Nuss, and T. Le, Extended red blood cell antigen matching for transfusions in sickle cell disease: a review of a 14-year experience from a single center (CME), Transfusion, vol.49, issue.8, pp.1732-1739, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/MOP.0b013e328321882e

S. T. Sherry, M. H. Ward, and M. Kholodov, dbSNP: the NCBI database of genetic variation, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.29, issue.1, pp.308-311, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/29.1.308

A. Hodgkinson and A. Eyre-walker, Human Triallelic Sites: Evidence for a New Mutational Mechanism?, Genetics, vol.184, issue.1, pp.233-241, 2010.
DOI : 10.1534/genetics.109.110510

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2815919

L. Keclard, M. Romana, E. Lavocat, C. Saint-martin, C. Berchel et al., Sickle cell disorder, ??-globin gene cluster haplotypes and ??-thalassemia in neonates and adults from Guadeloupe, American Journal of Hematology, vol.88, issue.1, pp.24-27, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.2448875

J. W. Belmont, P. Hardenbol, and T. D. Willis, The international HapMap project, Nature, vol.426, issue.6968, pp.789-796, 2003.

J. Pagnier, J. G. Mears, and O. D. Belkhodja, Evidence for the multicentric origin of the sickle cell hemoglobin gene in Africa., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.81, issue.6, pp.1771-1773, 1984.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.81.6.1771

J. Elion, P. E. Berg, and C. Lapoumeroulie, DNA sequence variation in a negative control region 5 í® í° to the í µí»½-globin gene correlates with the phenotypic expression of the í µí»½(s) mutation, Blood, vol.79, issue.3, pp.787-792, 1992.

M. A. Blajchman, Immunomodulation and Blood Transfusion, American Journal of Therapeutics, vol.9, issue.5, pp.389-395, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00045391-200209000-00005

E. C. Vamvakas and M. A. Blajchman, Transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM): an update The role of inflammation in alloimmunization to antigens on transfused red blood cells, Blood Reviews Current Opinion in Hematology, vol.21, issue.15 6, pp.327-348, 2007.

J. A. Chies and N. B. Nardi, Sickle cell disease: a chronic inflammatory condition, Medical Hypotheses, vol.57, issue.1, pp.46-50, 2001.
DOI : 10.1054/mehy.2000.1310

J. E. Hendrickson, M. Desmarets, and S. S. Deshpande, Recipient inflammation affects the frequency and magnitude of immunization to transfused red blood cells, Transfusion, vol.156, issue.9, pp.1526-1536, 2006.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00443.x

M. L. Jison, P. J. Munson, and J. J. Barb, Blood mononuclear cell gene expression profiles characterize the oxidant, hemolytic, and inflammatory stress of sickle cell disease, Blood, vol.104, issue.1, pp.270-280, 2004.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2760

J. M. Hibbert, L. L. Hsu, and S. J. Bhathena, Proinflammatory cytokines and the hypermetabolism of children with sickle cell disease, Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol.230, issue.1, pp.68-74, 2005.

H. Croizat, Circulating cytokines in sickle cell patients during steady state, British Journal of Haematology, vol.36, issue.3, pp.592-597, 1994.
DOI : 10.1093/ajcp/77.5.568

S. C. Taylor, S. J. Shacks, Z. Qu, and P. Wiley, Type 2 cytokine serum levels in healthy sickle cell disease patients, Journal of the National Medical Association, vol.89, issue.11, pp.753-757, 1997.

K. L. Bourantas, G. N. Dalekos, A. Makis, A. Chaidos, S. Tsiara et al., Acute phase proteins and interleukins in steady state sickle cell disease, European Journal of Haematology, vol.323, issue.suppl 3, pp.49-54, 1998.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199008093230602

R. Raghupathy, M. Z. Haider, F. Azizieh, R. Abdelsalam, T. M. Souza et al., Th1 and Th2 Cytokine Profiles in Sickle Cell Disease, Acta Haematologica, vol.103, issue.4, pp.197-202, 2000.
DOI : 10.1159/000041049

K. G. Becker, R. M. Simon, and J. E. Bailey-wilson, Clustering of non-major histocompatibility complex susceptibility candidate loci in human autoimmune diseases, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.80, issue.3 Pt 2, pp.9979-9984, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/clin.1996.0146

S. Levy and T. Shoham, The tetraspanin web modulates immune-signalling complexes, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.158, issue.2, pp.136-148, 2005.
DOI : 10.1084/jem.184.5.2055

S. Levy, S. C. Todd, and H. T. Maecker, CD81 (TAPA-1): A MOLECULE INVOLVED IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND CELL ADHESION IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, Annual Review of Immunology, vol.16, issue.1, pp.89-109, 1998.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.89

A. E. Morelli, A. T. Larregina, and W. J. Shufesky, Endocytosis, intracellular sorting, and processing of exosomes by dendritic cells, Blood, vol.104, issue.10, pp.3257-3266, 2004.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2004-03-0824

A. R. Mantegazza, M. M. Barrio, and S. , CD63 tetraspanin slows down cell migration and translocates to the endosomal-lysosomal-MIICs route after extracellular stimuli in human immature dendritic cells, Blood, vol.104, issue.4, pp.1183-1190, 2004.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0104

D. F. Wyszynski, C. T. Baldwin, and M. A. Cleves, Polymorphisms near a chromosome 6q QTL area are associated with modulation of fetal hemoglobin levels in sickle cell anemia, Cellular and Molecular Biology, vol.50, issue.1, pp.23-33, 2004.

C. Kumkhaek, J. G. Taylor, J. Zhu, C. Hoppe, G. J. Kato et al., Fetal haemoglobin response to hydroxycarbamide treatment and sar1a promoter polymorphisms in sickle cell anaemia, British Journal of Haematology, vol.89, issue.2, pp.254-259, 2008.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2475

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2344124

H. T. Bae, C. T. Baldwin, and P. Sebastiani, Meta-analysis of 2040 sickle cell anemia patients: BCL11A and HBS1L-MYB are the major modifiers of HbF in African Americans, Blood, vol.120, issue.9, pp.1961-1962, 2012.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2012-06-432849

V. G. Sankaran, J. Xu, and T. Ragoczy, Developmental and species-divergent globin switching are driven by BCL11A, Nature, vol.5, issue.7259, pp.1093-1097, 2009.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI20476

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3749913

G. Galarneau, C. D. Palmer, V. G. Sankaran, S. H. Orkin, J. N. Hirschhorn et al., Fine-mapping at three loci known to affect fetal hemoglobin levels explains additional genetic variation, Nature Genetics, vol.42, issue.12, pp.1049-1051, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020132

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740938

R. D. Machado, M. W. Pauciulo, and J. R. Thomson, BMPR2 Haploinsufficiency as the Inherited Molecular Mechanism for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.68, issue.1, pp.92-102, 2001.
DOI : 10.1086/316947

URL : http://doi.org/10.1086/316947

W. C. Nichols, D. L. Koller, and B. Slovis, Localization of the gene for familial primary pulmonary hypertension to chromosome 2q31?32, Nature Genetics, vol.48, issue.3, pp.277-280, 1997.
DOI : 10.1038/380152a0

A. E. Ashley-koch, L. Elliott, and M. E. , Identification of genetic polymorphisms associated with risk for pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease, Blood, vol.111, issue.12, pp.5721-5726, 2008.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2007-02-074849

K. Sharan, S. Surrey, and S. Ballas, Association of T-786C eNOS gene polymorphism with increased susceptibility to acute chest syndrome in females with sickle cell disease, British Journal of Haematology, vol.99, issue.2, pp.240-243, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s004390050785

R. Zennadi, P. C. Hines, L. M. De-castro, J. P. Cartron, L. V. Parise et al., Epinephrine acts through erythroid signaling pathways to activate sickle cell adhesion to endothelium via LW-?v?3 interactions, Blood, vol.104, issue.12, pp.3774-3781, 2004.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2004-01-0042

R. Tamouza, M. G. Neonato, and M. Busson, Infectious complications in sickle cell disease are influenced by HLA class II alleles, Human Immunology, vol.63, issue.3, pp.194-199, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00378-0

C. Hoppe, W. Klitz, and S. Cheng, Gene interactions and stroke risk in children with sickle cell anemia, Blood, vol.103, issue.6, pp.2391-2396, 2004.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2003-09-3015

L. Alarif, O. Castro, and M. Ofosu, HLA-B35 is associated with red cell alloimmunization in sickle cell disease, Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, vol.38, issue.2, pp.178-183, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0090-1229(86)90136-4