R. Amino, S. Thiberge, B. Martin, S. Celli, S. Shorte et al., Quantitative imaging of Plasmodium transmission from mosquito to mammal, Nature Medicine, vol.21, issue.2, pp.220-224, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03693.x

J. Banchereau and R. Steinman, Dendritic cells and the control of immunity, Nature, vol.392, issue.6673, pp.245-252, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/32588

E. Belnoue, F. Costa, T. Frankenberg, A. Vigario, T. Voza et al., Protective T Cell Immunity against Malaria Liver Stage after Vaccination with Live Sporozoites under Chloroquine Treatment, The Journal of Immunology, vol.172, issue.4, pp.2487-2495, 2004.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.172.4.2487

E. Belnoue, T. Voza, F. Costa, A. Gruner, M. Mauduit et al., Vaccination with Live Plasmodium yoelii Blood Stage Parasites under Chloroquine Cover Induces Cross-Stage Immunity against Malaria Liver Stage, The Journal of Immunology, vol.181, issue.12, pp.8552-8558, 2008.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.181.12.8552

V. Brinkmann, A. Billich, T. Baumruker, P. Heining, R. Schmouder et al., Fingolimod (FTY720): discovery and development of an oral drug to treat multiple sclerosis, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, vol.68, issue.11, pp.883-897, 2010.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.43.4.662

N. Butler, N. Schmidt, A. Vaughan, A. Aly, S. Kappe et al., Superior Antimalarial Immunity after Vaccination with Late Liver Stage-Arresting Genetically Attenuated Parasites, Cell Host & Microbe, vol.9, issue.6, pp.451-462, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chom.2011.05.008

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2011.05.008

L. Carvalho, G. Sano, J. Hafalla, A. Morrot, C. De-lafaille et al., IL-4-secreting CD4+ T cells are crucial to the development of CD8+ T-cell responses against malaria liver stages, Nature Medicine, vol.8, issue.2, pp.166-170, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/nm0202-166

S. Chakravarty, I. Cockburn, S. Kuk, M. Overstreet, J. Sacci et al., CD8+ T lymphocytes protective against malaria liver stages are primed in skin-draining lymph nodes, Nature Medicine, vol.31, issue.9, pp.1035-1041, 2007.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.167.2.741

S. Chatterjee, P. Druilhe, and M. Wery, Irradiated sporozoites prime mice to produce high antibody titres upon viable Plasmodium berghei sporozoite challenge, which act upon liver-stage development, Parasitology, vol.118, issue.3, pp.219-225, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/S0031182098003825

D. Clyde, Immunization of Man against Falciparum and Vivax Malaria by Use of Attenuated Sporozoites *, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.24, issue.3, pp.397-401, 1975.
DOI : 10.4269/ajtmh.1975.24.397

I. Cockburn, Y. Chen, M. Overstreet, J. Lees, N. Van-rooijen et al., Prolonged antigen presentation is required for optimal CD8þ T cell responses against malaria liver stage parasites Dendritic cells and hepatocytes use distinct pathways to process protective antigen from plasmodium in vivo, PLoS Pathog PLoS Pathog, vol.6, issue.7, p.1001318, 2010.

M. Dominguez, J. Ersching, R. Lemos, A. Machado, O. Bruna-romero et al., Re-circulation of lymphocytes mediated by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 contributes to resistance against experimental infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, Vaccine, vol.30, issue.18, pp.2882-2891, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.037

D. Doolan and S. Hoffman, The Complexity of Protective Immunity Against Liver-Stage Malaria, The Journal of Immunology, vol.165, issue.3, pp.1453-1462, 2000.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.165.3.1453

B. Douradinha, M. Van-dijk, R. Ataide, G. Van-gemert, J. Thompson et al., Genetically attenuated P36p-deficient Plasmodium berghei sporozoites confer long-lasting and partial cross-species protection, International Journal for Parasitology, vol.37, issue.13, pp.1511-1519, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.05.005

P. Druilhe, C. Marchand, J. Livingstone-epstein, K. Tewari, K. Lyke et al., From sporozoite to liver stage: the saga of the irradiated sporozoite vaccine Live attenuated malaria vaccine designed to protect through hepatic CD8 T cell immunity, New strategies in parasitology (Frontiers of infectious diseases), MacAdam KPWJ, pp.39-48, 1989.

U. Frevert, S. Engelmann, S. Zougbede, J. Stange, B. Ng et al., Intravital Observation of Plasmodium berghei Sporozoite Infection of the Liver, PLoS Biology, vol.5, issue.6, p.192, 2005.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030192.sv013

P. Gueirard, J. Tavares, S. Thiberge, F. Bernex, T. Ishino et al., Development of the malaria parasite in the skin of the mammalian host, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.20, issue.5, pp.18640-18645, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282ef6172

D. Guilbride, P. Guilbride, and P. Gawlinski, Malaria's deadly secret: a skin stage, Trends in Parasitology, vol.28, issue.4, pp.142-150, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pt.2012.01.002

J. Hafalla, A. Morrot, G. Sano, G. Milon, J. Lafaille et al., Early Self-Regulatory Mechanisms Control the Magnitude of CD8+ T Cell Responses Against Liver Stages of Murine Malaria, The Journal of Immunology, vol.171, issue.2, pp.964-970, 2003.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.964

J. Hafalla, G. Sano, L. Carvalho, A. Morrot, and F. Zavala, Short-term antigen presentation and single clonal burst limit the magnitude of the CD8+ T cell responses to malaria liver stages, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.80, issue.1, pp.11819-11824, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/168.4.1066

B. Hoffman and R. Chattopadhyay, Plasmodium falciparum: Effect of radiation on levels of gene transcripts in sporozoites, Experimental Parasitology, vol.118, issue.2, pp.247-252, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.08.014

S. Hoffman, L. Goh, T. Luke, I. Schneider, T. Le et al., Sporozoites, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.185, issue.8, pp.1155-1164, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/339409

. Research-article-www, embomolmed.org Subcutaneous-primed malaria immunity ß 2012 The Authors. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd on behalf of EMBO, EMBO Mol Med, vol.5, pp.250-263, 2013.

M. Hollingdale, F. Zavala, R. Nussenzweig, and V. Nussenzweig, Antibodies to the protective antigen of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites prevent entry into cultured cells, J Immunol, vol.128, pp.1929-1930, 1982.

M. Inoue and R. Culleton, The intradermal route for inoculation of sporozoites of rodent malaria parasites for immunological studies, Parasite Immunology, vol.171, issue.Suppl, pp.137-142, 2011.
DOI : 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070661

S. Jung, D. Unutmaz, P. Wong, G. Sano, K. De-los-santos et al., In Vivo Depletion of CD11c+ Dendritic Cells Abrogates Priming of CD8+ T Cells by Exogenous Cell-Associated Antigens, vivo depletion of CD11c(þ) dendritic cells abrogates priming of CD8(þ) T cells by exogenous cellassociated antigens, pp.211-220, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00365-5

K. Kaiser, N. Camargo, and S. Kappe, Transformation of Sporozoites into Early Exoerythrocytic Malaria Parasites Does Not Require Host Cells, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.40, issue.8, pp.1045-1050, 2003.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.92.9.4066

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2193875

U. Krzych, R. Schwenk, M. Guebre-xabier, P. Sun, D. Palmer et al., The role of intrahepatic lymphocytes in mediating protective immunity induced by attenuated Plasmodium berghei sporozoites, Immunological Reviews, vol.174, issue.1, pp.123-134, 2000.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.00013h.x

T. Kupper and R. Fuhlbrigge, Immune surveillance in the skin: mechanisms and clinical consequences, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.101, issue.3, pp.211-222, 2004.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.171.6.3262

T. Luke and S. Hoffman, Rationale and plans for developing a non-replicating, metabolically active, radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol.206, issue.21, pp.3803-3808, 2003.
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.00644

S. Mellouk, F. Lunel, M. Sedegah, R. Beaudoin, and P. Druilhe, Protection against malaria induced by irradiated sporozoites, The Lancet, vol.335, issue.8691, p.721, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90832-P

A. Morrot, J. Hafalla, I. Cockburn, L. Carvalho, and F. Zavala, T cells is required for the development of protective memory responses against liver stages of malaria parasites, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.172, issue.4, pp.551-560, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-1759(93)90176-8

A. Mueller, M. Deckert, K. Heiss, K. Goetz, K. Matuschewski et al., Genetically Attenuated Plasmodium berghei Liver Stages Persist and Elicit Sterile Protection Primarily via CD8 T Cells, The American Journal of Pathology, vol.171, issue.1, pp.107-115, 2007.
DOI : 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060792

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1941586

A. Mueller, M. Labaied, S. Kappe, and K. Matuschewski, Genetically modified Plasmodium parasites as a protective experimental malaria vaccine, Nature, vol.72, issue.7022, pp.164-167, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90358-4

S. Naik, A. Proietto, N. Wilson, A. Dakic, P. Schnorrer et al., Cutting Edge: Generation of Splenic CD8+ and CD8- Dendritic Cell Equivalents in Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand Bone Marrow Cultures, The Journal of Immunology, vol.174, issue.11, pp.6592-6597, 2005.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.6592

R. Nussenzweig, J. Vanderberg, H. Most, and C. Orton, Protective Immunity produced by the Injection of X-irradiated Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei, Nature, vol.8, issue.5111, pp.160-162, 1967.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/78.3.190

R. Nussenzweig, J. Vanderberg, H. Most, and C. Orton, Specificity of Protective Immunity produced by X-irradiated Plasmodium berghei Sporozoites, Nature, vol.212, issue.5192, pp.488-489, 1969.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-4894(67)90084-7

T. Ponnudurai, A. Lensen, G. Van-gemert, M. Bolmer, and J. Meuwissen, Feeding behaviour and sporozoite ejection by infected Anopheles stephensi, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.85, issue.2, pp.175-180, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0035-9203(91)90012-N

L. Purcell, K. Wong, S. Yanow, M. Lee, T. Spithill et al., Chemically attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites induce specific immune responses, sterile immunity and cross-protection against heterologous challenge, Vaccine, vol.26, issue.38, pp.4880-4884, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.017

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2560175

L. Purcell, S. Yanow, M. Lee, T. Spithill, and A. Rodriguez, Chemical Attenuation of Plasmodium berghei Sporozoites Induces Sterile Immunity in Mice, Infection and Immunity, vol.76, issue.3, pp.1193-1199, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.01399-07

J. Ramsey, R. Beaudoin, M. Hollingdale, F. Miltgen, Y. Charoenvit et al., Infection of tissue-culture cells with Co gamma-irradiated malaria sporozoites In Nuclear techniques in the study of parasitic infections. pp 19-25 Malaria sporozoite penetration. A new approach by double staining, Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency Renia L J Immunol Methods, vol.112, pp.201-205, 1982.

W. Richards, Vaccination against sporozoite challenge. A review, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.71, issue.4, pp.279-280, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/0035-9203(77)90098-0

M. Roestenberg, M. Mccall, J. Hopman, J. Wiersma, A. Luty et al., Protection against a Malaria Challenge by Sporozoite Inoculation, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.361, issue.5, pp.468-477, 2009.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa0805832

P. Romero, J. Maryanski, G. Corradin, R. Nussenzweig, V. Nussenzweig et al., Cloned cytotoxic T cells recognize an epitope in the circumsporozoite protein and protect against malaria, Nature, vol.341, issue.6240, pp.323-326, 1989.
DOI : 10.1038/341323a0

R. Rosenberg, R. Wirtz, I. Schneider, and R. Burge, An estimation of the number of malaria sporozoites ejected by a feeding mosquito, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.84, issue.2, pp.209-212, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0035-9203(90)90258-G

G. Sano, J. Hafalla, A. Morrot, R. Abe, J. Lafaille et al., T Cells against Malaria Liver Stages, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.147, issue.2, pp.173-180, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/87676

URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2193458/pdf

L. Scheller and A. Azad, Maintenance of protective immunity against malaria by persistent hepatic parasites derived from irradiated sporozoites., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.92, issue.9, pp.4066-4068, 1995.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.92.9.4066

N. Schmidt, R. Podyminogin, N. Butler, V. Badovinac, B. Tucker et al., Memory CD8 T cell responses exceeding a large but definable threshold provide long-term immunity to malaria, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.171, issue.12, pp.14017-14022, 2008.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.171.12.6961

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2544571

L. Schofield, J. Villaquiran, A. Ferreira, H. Schellekens, R. Nussenzweig et al., ? Interferon, CD8+ T cells and antibodies required for immunity to malaria sporozoites, Nature, vol.330, issue.6149, pp.664-666, 1987.
DOI : 10.1038/330664a0

A. Siau, O. Silvie, J. Franetich, S. Yalaoui, C. Marinach et al., Temperature Shift and Host Cell Contact Up-Regulate Sporozoite Expression of Plasmodium falciparum Genes Involved in Hepatocyte Infection, PLoS Pathogens, vol.133, issue.8, p.1000121, 2008.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000121.s005

O. Silvie, E. Rubinstein, J. Franetich, M. Prenant, E. Belnoue et al., Hepatocyte CD81 is required for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite infectivity, Nature Medicine, vol.6, issue.1, pp.93-96, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/0309-1651(82)90187-4

O. Silvie, J. Semblat, J. Franetich, L. Hannoun, W. Eling et al., Effects of irradiation on Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite hepatic development: implications for the design of pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines, Parasite Immunology, vol.58, issue.4, pp.221-223, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00551-X

G. Snounou and B. Singh, Nested PCR Analysis of Plasmodium Parasites, Methods Mol Med, vol.72, pp.189-203, 2002.
DOI : 10.1385/1-59259-271-6:189

G. Spitalny and R. Nussenzweig, Effect of various routes of immunization and methods of parasite attenuation on the development of protection against sporozoite-induced rodent malaria, Proc Helm Soc Wash, vol.39, pp.506-514, 1972.

M. Stewart, R. Nawrot, S. Schulman, and J. Vanderberg, Plasmodium berghei sporozoite invasion is blocked in vitro by sporozoite-immobilizing antibodies, Infect Immun, vol.51, pp.859-864, 1986.

M. Van-dijk, B. Douradinha, B. Franke-fayard, V. Heussler, M. Van-dooren et al., Genetically attenuated, P36p-deficient malarial sporozoites induce protective immunity and apoptosis of infected liver cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.120, issue.2, pp.12194-12199, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2005.01.005

J. Vanderberg, R. Nussenzweig, H. Most, and C. Orton, Protective Immunity Produced by the Injection of X-Irradiated Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei. II. Effects of Radiation on Sporozoites, The Journal of Parasitology, vol.54, issue.6, pp.1175-1180, 1968.
DOI : 10.2307/3276987

A. Vaughan, R. Wang, and S. Kappe, Genetically engineered, attenuated whole-cell vaccine approaches for malaria, Human Vaccines, vol.6, issue.1, pp.107-113, 2010.
DOI : 10.4161/hv.6.1.9654

URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3641786/pdf

T. Voza, C. Kebaier, and J. Vanderberg, Intradermal immunization of mice with radiation-attenuated sporozoites of Plasmodium yoelii induces effective protective immunity, Malaria Journal, vol.9, issue.1, p.362, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/1475-2875-9-362

W. Weiss, M. Sedegah, R. Beaudoin, L. Miller, and M. Good, CD8+ T cells (cytotoxic/suppressors) are required for protection in mice immunized with malaria sporozoites., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.85, issue.2, pp.573-576, 1988.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.85.2.573

S. Yalaoui, S. Zougbede, S. Charrin, O. Silvie, C. Arduise et al., Hepatocyte Permissiveness to Plasmodium Infection Is Conveyed by a Short and Structurally Conserved Region of the CD81 Large Extracellular Domain, PLoS Pathogens, vol.50, issue.2, p.1000010, 2008.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000010.t001

L. Yamauchi, A. Coppi, G. Snounou, and P. Sinnis, Plasmodium sporozoites trickle out of the injection site, Cellular Microbiology, vol.57, issue.5, pp.1215-1222, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-2478(90)90088-8

D. Zammit, L. Cauley, Q. Pham, and L. Lefrancois, Dendritic Cells Maximize the Memory CD8 T Cell Response to Infection, Immunity, vol.22, issue.5, pp.561-570, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.03.005

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2005.03.005