A. Wakeham-dawson, S. Morris, P. Tubbs, M. Dalebout, and C. Baker, Nomenclatural Notes-Type specimens: Dead or alive? Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, pp.282-285, 2002.

D. Wilson and D. Reeder, Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 2005.

K. Helgen, The mammal family tree. Science, pp.458-459, 2011.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1214544

R. Prum, J. Berv, A. Dornburg, D. Field, J. Townsend et al., A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing, Nature, vol.441, issue.7574, pp.569-573, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gene.2008.08.017

D. Rosauer and W. Jetz, Phylogenetic endemism in terrestrial mammals, Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol.39, issue.2, pp.168-179
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02717.x

B. Minteer, J. Collins, K. Love, and R. Puschendorf, Avoiding (re) extinction. Science, Apr, vol.18, issue.3446181, pp.260-261, 2014.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1250953

S. Brengtson, Breeding ecology and extinction of the Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis): Anecdotal evidence and conjectures. The Auk, pp.1-12, 1984.

R. Rodriguez-estrella and M. Moreno, Rare, fragile species, small populations, and the dilemma of collections . Biodiversity and Conservation, pp.1621-1625, 2006.

F. Krell and Q. Wheeler, Specimen collection: Plan for the future, Science, vol.127, issue.6186, pp.815-816, 2014.
DOI : 10.1525/auk.2010.09199

R. Moratelli, Wildlife biologists are on the right track: a mammalogist's view of specimen collection. Zoologia (Curitiba), pp.413-417, 2014.

L. Rocha, A. Aleixo, G. Allen, A. F. Baldwin, C. Barclay et al., Specimen collection: An essential tool. Science, May, vol.23, issue.3446186, pp.814-815, 2014.
DOI : 10.1126/science.344.6186.814

K. Haberman, On the significance of small dead things, Journal of Natural History Education and Experience, vol.9, pp.8-12, 2015.

L. Ceríaco, E. Gutiérrez, and A. Dubois, Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences, Zootaxa, vol.4196, issue.3, pp.435-445, 2016.
DOI : 10.11646/zootaxa.4196.3.9

F. Cianferoni and L. Bartolozzi, Warning: potential problems for taxonomy on the horizon?, Zootaxa, vol.4139, issue.1, pp.128-130, 2016.
DOI : 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.8

I. Löbl, A. Cibois, and B. Landry, Describing new species in the absence of sampled specimens: a taxonomist's own-goal. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, pp.83-86, 2016.

T. Pape, A. Allison, D. Bickel, J. Carlton, T. Dikow et al., Taxonomy: Species can be named from photos, Nature, vol.4137, issue.7620, p.307, 2016.
DOI : 10.11646/zootaxa.4137.1.9

URL : http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v537/n7620/pdf/537307b.pdf

A. Garraffoni and A. Freitas, Photos belong in the taxonomic Code, Science. Feb, vol.24, issue.3556327, p.805, 2017.

S. Goodman, A floral and faunal inventory of the eastern slopes of the Réserve Naturelle Intégrale d'Andringitra, Madagascar: with reference to elevational variation. Fieldiana: Zoology, new series, pp.1-319, 1996.

S. Goodman, A floral and faunal inventory of the Parc National de Marojejy, Madagascar: with reference to elevational variation. Fieldiana: Zoology, new series, pp.1-286, 2000.

W. Lourenço, P. Waeber, and L. Wilmé, The geographical pattern of distribution of the genus Tityobuthus Pocock, 1890, a typical Ananterinae element endemic to Madagascar (Scorpiones: Buthidae), Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol.339, issue.9-10, pp.427-436, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.06.003

F. Umetsu, L. Naxara, and R. Pardini, EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF PITFALL TRAPS FOR SAMPLING SMALL MAMMALS IN THE NEOTROPICS, Journal of Mammalogy, vol.87, issue.4, pp.757-765, 2006.
DOI : 10.1644/05-MAMM-A-285R2.1

A. Rand, The distribution and habits of Madagascar birds. A summary of the field notes of the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Américaine à Madagascar, Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, vol.72, pp.143-499, 1936.

L. Wilmé, Composition and characteristics of bird communities in Madagascar, Biogéographie de Madagascar. Paris: Editions de l'ORSTOM, pp.349-362, 1996.

I. Tattersall, Madagascar's Lemurs, Scientific American, vol.268, issue.1, pp.12-23, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/scientificamerican0193-110

I. Tattersall, Understanding species-level primate diversity in Madagascar. Madagascar Conservation & Development, pp.7-11, 2013.
DOI : 10.4314/mcd.v8i1.2

R. Jenkins and P. Racey, Bats as bushmeat in Madagascar. Madagascar Conservation & Development, pp.22-30, 2008.
DOI : 10.4314/mcd.v3i1.44132

A. Cibois, N. D. Gregory, S. , and P. E. Bernieridae, Aves: Passeriformes): a family-group name for the Malagasy sylvioid radiation, Zootaxa. Jul, vol.30, issue.25541, pp.65-68, 2010.

F. Jiguet, Taxonomy of the Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein inferred from biometrics and wing plumage pattern, including two previously undescribed subspecies, Bulletin-British Ornithologists' Club, vol.122, issue.1, pp.50-70, 2002.

M. Carleton and S. Goodman, Systematic studies of Madagascar's endemic rodents (Muroidea: Nesomyinae ): a new genus and species from the Central Highlands. Fieldiana Zoology, pp.231-256, 1996.

W. Wozencraft, A New Species of Striped Mongoose from Madagascar, Journal of Mammalogy, vol.67, issue.3, pp.561-571, 1986.
DOI : 10.2307/1381288

P. Kappeler, R. Rasoloarison, L. Razafimanantsoa, L. Walter, and C. Roos, Version 2016?3; 2017. <http://www.iucnredlist.org> 32 Morphology, behaviour and molecular evolution of giant mouse lemurs (Mirza spp.) Gray, 1870, with description of a new species, Primate Report, vol.71, pp.3-26, 2005.

U. Thalmann and T. Geissmann, Distribution and Geographic Variation in the Western Woolly Lemur (Avahi occidentalis) with Description of a New Species (A. unicolor, International Journal of Primatology, vol.21, issue.6, pp.915-941, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005507028567

R. Andriantompohavana, R. Lei, J. Zaonarivelo, S. Engberg, G. Nalanirina et al., Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes). Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University, pp.1-59, 2007.

R. Lei, S. Engberg, R. Andriantompohavana, S. Mcguire, R. Mittermeier et al., Nocturnal lemur diversity at Masoala National Park. Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University, pp.1-41, 2008.

R. Lei, A. Mclain, C. Frasier, J. Taylor, C. Bailey et al., A new species in the genus Cheirogaleus (Cheirogaleidae) Primate Conservation, pp.43-54, 2015.

D. Thiele, E. Razafimahatratra, and A. Hapke, Discrepant partitioning of genetic diversity in mouse lemurs and dwarf lemurs ??? Biological reality or taxonomic bias?, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol.69, issue.3, pp.593-609, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.019

C. Frasier, R. Lei, A. Mclain, J. Taylor, C. Bailey et al., A new species of dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus medius group) from the Ankarana and Andrafiamena?Andavakoera Massifs, Madagascar. Primate Conservation, pp.59-72, 2016.

E. Louis, . Jr, S. Engberg, R. Lei, H. Geng et al., Molecular and morphological analyses of the sportive lemurs (Family Megaladapidae: Genus Lepilemur) reveals 11 previously unrecognized species, pp.1-47, 2006.

S. Hotaling, M. Foley, N. Lawrence, J. Bocanegra, M. Blanco et al., Species discovery and validation in a cryptic radiation of endangered primates: coalescent-based species delimitation in Madagascar's mouse lemurs, Molecular Ecology, vol.69, issue.Suppl. 9, 2016.
DOI : 10.1159/000021571

U. Radespiel, G. Olivieri, D. Rasolofoson, G. Rakotondratsimba, O. Rakotonirainy et al., spp.) in the Makira region with the description of one new species, American Journal of Primatology, vol.69, issue.11, pp.1033-1046, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4757-2405-9_36

P. Jenkins and M. Carleton, Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major's expedition to Madagascar, 1894 to 1896: beginnings of modern systematic study of the island's mammalian fauna, Journal of Natural History, vol.2, issue.20, pp.1779-1818, 2005.
DOI : 10.1159/000156236

P. Hebert, E. Zakharov, S. Prosser, J. Sones, J. Mckeown et al., A DNA ???Barcode Blitz???: Rapid Digitization and Sequencing of a Natural History Collection, PLoS ONE, vol.4, issue.7, p.23874660, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0068535.t003

C. Filardi, Why I collected a moustached kingfisher. Audubon) http://www.audubon.org/news/why-icollected-moustached-kingfisher, 2015.

W. Lourenço and J. Cloudsley-thompson, Notes on the postembryonic development of Heteroscorpion opisthacanthoides (Kraepelin, 1896) (Scorpiones, Heteroscorpionidae) from the Island of Nosy Be in the North of Madagascar, Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, vol.14, issue.168, pp.129-136, 2003.

W. Lourenço, E. Leguin, and J. Cloudsley-thompson, The life history of the Malagasy scorpion Opisthacanthus madagascariensis Kraepelin, 1894 (Liochelidae) Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, pp.173-182, 2010.

P. Berner and L. Wilmé, Etude d'impact environnemental: Le rôle des scientifiques et des institutions scientifiques, Akon'ny Ala, vol.20, pp.2-7, 1997.

L. Wilmé, M. Ravokatra, R. Dolch, D. Schuurman, E. Mathieu et al., Toponyms for centers of endemism in Madagascar. Madagascar Conservation & Development, pp.30-40, 2012.

W. Lourenço, Scorpions (Chelicerata, Scorpiones) Faune de Madagascar N. 87. Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 1996.

E. Bartlett, List of the mammals and birds collected by Mr. Waters in Madagascar, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp.62-69, 1875.

C. Benson, The Cambridge collection from the Malagasy region, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, vol.90, pp.168-172, 1970.

C. Benson, The Cambridge collection from the Malagasy region, Part II, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, vol.91, pp.1-7, 1971.

C. Benson, Type specimens of bird skins in the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge, United Kingdom. British Ornithologists' Club Occasional Publication, 1999.

J. Buettner-janusch and I. Tattersall, An annotated catalogue of Malagasy Primates (Families Lemuridae, Indriidae, Daubentoniidae, Megaladapidae, Cheirogaleidae) in the collections of the, American Museum Novitates, vol.2834, pp.1-45, 1985.

M. Carleton, Systematic studies of Madagascar's endemic rodents (Muroidea: Nesomyinae): Revision of the genus Eliurus, American Museum Novitates, vol.3087, pp.1-55, 1994.

M. Carleton and D. Schmidt, Systematic studies of Madagascar's endemic rodents (Muroidea: Nesomyinae ): An annotated gazetteer of collecting localities of known forms, American Museum Novitates, vol.2987, pp.1-36, 1990.

M. Carleton, C. Smeenk, R. Angermann, and S. Goodman, Peters, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol.126, issue.4, pp.414-455, 2014.
DOI : 10.2988/0006-324X-126.4.414

R. Dekker, Type specimens of birds of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden. Part. 2. Passerines: Eurylaimidae-Eopsaltriidae (Peters's sequence), Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis Technical Bulletin, vol.6, pp.1-142, 2003.

S. Goodman, M. Raheriarisena, and S. Jansa, A new species of Eliurus Milne Edwards, 1885 (Rodentia: Nesomyinae) from the Réserve Spéciale d'Ankarana, northern Madagascar, Bonner Zoologische Beiträge, vol.56, issue.3, pp.133-149, 2009.

G. Gray, Hand-list of genera and species of birds, distinguishing those contained in the British Museum. Part I. Accipitres, Fissirostres, Tenuirostres and Dentirostres. Trustees of the British Museum, Natural History), pp.1869-1870

G. Gray, Hand-list of genera and species of birds, distinguishing those contained in the British Museum. Part II, Conirostris, Scansores, Columbae, and Gallinae. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), pp.1870-1871

G. Gray, Hand-list of genera and species of birds, distinguishing those contained in the British Museum. Part III. Struthiones, Grallae, and Anseres, with indices of generic and specific names. Trustees of the British Museum, Natural History), pp.1871-1872

C. Hellmayr, The ornithological collection of the Zoological Museum in Munich. The Auk, pp.293-301, 1928.

P. Jenkins, Catalogue of primates in the British Museum (Natural History) and elsewhere in the British Isles. Part IV: Suborder Strepsirrhini, including the subfossil Madagascan lemurs and Family Tarsiidae, British Museum (Natural History), vol.189, p.pp, 1987.

M. Lecroy and . Type, Passeriformes: Alaudidae, American Museum of Natural History. Part Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol.5, issue.278, pp.1-156, 2003.

M. Lecroy, TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS IN THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. PART 6. PASSERIFORMES: PRUNELLIDAE, TURDIDAE, ORTHONYCHIDAE, TIMALIIDAE, PARADOXORNITHIDAE, PICATHARTIDAE, AND POLIOPTILIDAE, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, vol.292, issue.1, pp.1-127, 2005.
DOI : 10.1206/0003-0090(2005)292[0001:TSOBIT]2.0.CO;2

E. Lönnberg, The ornithological collection of the Natural History Museum in Stockholm. The Auk, pp.434-446, 1926.

M. Ménégaux, Liste des oiseaux rapportés en 1906 par M. Geay du sud-ouest de Madagascar, Paris, vol.13, pp.104-113, 1907.

P. Milon, Etude d'une petite collection d'oiseaux du Tsaratanana, Le Naturaliste Malgache, vol.3, issue.2, pp.167-183, 1951.

J. Pucheran, Observations sur les types peu connus du Musée de Paris. Rapaces nocturnes. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée, pp.17-29, 1849.

R. Rasoloarison, S. Goodman, and J. Ganzhorn, Taxonomic revision of mouse lemurs (Microcebus) in the western portions of Madagascar, International Journal of Primatology, vol.21, issue.6, pp.963-1019, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005511129475

C. Richmond, Catalogue of a collection of birds made by Doctor W. L. Abbott in Madagascar, with descriptions of three new species, Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol.19, issue.1118, pp.677-694, 1897.
DOI : 10.5479/si.00963801.1118.677

C. Roselaar, An inventory of major European bird collections, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, vol.123, pp.253-337, 2003.

L. Van-den-hoek-ostende, R. Dekker, and G. Keijl, Type specimens of birds of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden. Part. 1. Non-Passerines, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis Technical Bulletin, vol.1, pp.1-248, 1997.

C. Voisin, Liste des spécimens types d'ibis (Threskiornithinés) de la collection du Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Oiseau et Revue Française d'Ornithologie, vol.63, issue.1, pp.45-53, 1993.

C. Voisin and J. Voisin, Liste des types d'oiseaux des collections du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris Rapaces diurnes (Accipitridés), première partie, Zoosystema, vol.8, issue.231, pp.173-190, 2001.

C. Voisin and J. Voisin, Liste des types d'oiseaux des collections du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. 16: Perroquets (Psittacidae), Zoosystema, vol.30, issue.2, pp.463-499, 2008.

C. Voisin and J. Voisin, List of type specimens of birds in the collections of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Coraciiformes. Journal of the National Museum Natural History Series, vol.18, issue.1771, pp.1-25, 2008.

C. Voisin, J. Voisin, and M. Tranier, Note on Grandidier's lemur collection from Madagascar, Mammalia, vol.63, pp.535-536, 1999.

L. Wilmé and . Status, Status, distribution and conservation of two Madagascar bird species endemic to Lake Alaotra: Delacour's grebe Tachybaptus rufolavatus and Madagascar pochard Aythya innotata, Biological Conservation, vol.69, issue.1, pp.15-21, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-3207(94)90324-7

J. Delacour, Les oiseaux de la mission zoologique Franco-Anglo-Américaine à Madagascar, Oiseau et Revue Française d'Ornithologie, vol.2, pp.1-96, 1932.