S. Fahn, P. S. Parkinsonism, L. P. Rowland, and . Ed, Meritt's neurology 10th ed, Lippincott, pp.679-693, 2000.

E. C. Hirsch and S. Hunot, Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: a target for neuroprotection?, The Lancet Neurology, vol.8, issue.4, pp.382-397, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70062-6

P. L. Mcgeer, S. Itagaki, B. E. Boyes, and E. G. Mcgeer, Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains, Neurology, vol.38, issue.8, pp.1285-1291, 1988.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.38.8.1285

E. M. Moresco, D. Lavine, and B. Beutler, Toll-like receptors, Current Biology, vol.21, issue.13, pp.488-493, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.039

N. Laflamme and S. Rivest, Toll-like receptor 4: the missing link of the cerebral innate immune response triggered by circulating gram-negative bacterial cell wall components, The FASEB Journal, vol.15, issue.1, pp.155-163, 2001.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.00-0339com

F. Ros-bernal, Microglial glucocorticoid receptors play a pivotal role in regulating dopaminergic neurodegeneration in parkinsonism, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.8, issue.4, pp.6632-6637, 2011.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1008942828960

N. Stefanova, Toll-Like Receptor 4 Promotes ??-Synuclein Clearance and Survival of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons, The American Journal of Pathology, vol.179, issue.2, pp.954-963, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.013

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.013

D. Beraud and K. A. Maguire-zeiss, Misfolded ??-synuclein and toll-like receptors: therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, vol.18, pp.17-20, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70008-6

D. Beraud, alpha-Synuclein Alters Toll-Like Receptor Expression, Front Neurosci, vol.5, p.80, 2011.

M. Cote, J. Drouin-ouellet, F. Cicchetti, and D. Soulet, The critical role of the MyD88-dependent pathway in non-CNS MPTP-mediated toxicity, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, vol.25, issue.6, pp.1143-1152, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.02.017

J. Drouin-ouellet, The role of the MYD88-dependent pathway in MPTP-induced brain dopaminergic degeneration, Journal of Neuroinflammation, vol.8, issue.1, p.137, 2011.
DOI : 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.498212

A. Poltorak, Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene, Science, vol.282, issue.5396, pp.2085-2088, 1998.
DOI : 10.1126/science.282.5396.2085

K. Hamre, R. Tharp, K. Poon, X. Xiong, and R. J. Smeyne, Differential strain susceptibility following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration acts in an autosomal dominant fashion: quantitative analysis in seven strains of Mus musculus, Brain Research, vol.828, issue.1-2, pp.91-103, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01273-1

V. Brochard, Infiltration of CD41 lymphocytes into the brain contributes to neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson disease, J Clin Invest, vol.119, pp.182-192, 2009.

D. Alvarez-fischer, Modelling Parkinson-like neurodegeneration via osmotic minipump delivery of MPTP and probenecid, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.74, issue.3, pp.701-711, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/emm.2006.40

D. Skrzydelski, The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCL12 activates the nigrostriatal dopamine system, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.22, issue.4, pp.1175-1183, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/31269

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00171229

E. Hirsch, A. M. Graybiel, and Y. A. Agid, Melanized dopaminergic neurons are differentially susceptible to degeneration in Parkinson's disease, Nature, vol.334, issue.6180, pp.345-348, 1988.
DOI : 10.1038/334345a0

C. Depboylu, Upregulation of microglial C1q expression has no effects on nigrostriatal dopaminergic injury in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson disease, Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol.236, issue.1-2, pp.39-46, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.05.006

K. B. Franklin, George The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates, Book, 1997.

M. A. Panaro, Expression of TLR4 and CD14 in the Central Nervous System (CNS) in a MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's-Like Disease, Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, vol.44, issue.3, pp.1-12, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.410440717

J. J. Lin, C. H. Chen, K. C. Yueh, C. Y. Chang, and S. Z. Lin, A CD14 monocyte receptor polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to Parkinson's disease for females, Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, vol.12, issue.1, pp.9-13, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.07.010

W. J. Hopkins, in Female C3H/HeJ Mice, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.199, issue.3, pp.355-361, 2009.
DOI : 10.1086/595987

H. Kanzler, F. J. Barrat, E. M. Hessel, and R. L. Coffman, Therapeutic targeting of innate immunity with Toll-like receptor agonists and antagonists, Nature Medicine, vol.26, issue.5, pp.552-559, 2007.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.176.8.4894

E. J. Hennessy, A. E. Parker, and L. A. Neill, Targeting Toll-like receptors: emerging therapeutics?, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, vol.11, issue.4, pp.293-307, 2010.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2008-0821

U. ). Marburg, was supported by a Master grant from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM). C.H. was supported by an M.D. thesis grant by, are investigators at the Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). A.H. was supported by a ''Poste Vert'' (Accueil de Chercheurs Etrangers) from the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)