A new anthracene-based polymer analogue of poly(phenylene sulfide) has been synthesized via Wittig polycondensation. The polymer is soluble and shows a good film quality. This organic material showed an amorphous behavior with a Tg of 70 °C. The absorption and fluorescence properties of the polymer were investigated. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels were estimated by cyclic voltammetry measurements. The PAnS thin film exhibits an optical gap of 2.56 eV and emits in orange region. The fluorescence quantum efficiency in dilute solution of PAnS was of 66%. A PAnS-based single-layer diode has been fabricated and shows relatively low turn-on voltage of 4.8 V.